The 20-year-old, who made eight appearances during a loan spell with the Spireites last season, will remain at the b2net Stadium until March 19.
"We have continued to monitor Keiran's progress at Crystal Palace and are pleased he is currently available to supplement the squad at a time when we have been hit by some injuries," said Chesterfield boss John Sheridan.
Djilali added: "I really enjoyed my previous time with Chesterfield and had no hesitation in accepting this chance to return for a further loan spell."
Djilali is expected to be included in the Chesterfield squad to face Bury at Gigg Lane on Tuesday night.
Source: PA
Source: PA